IELTS Writing Task 2

Problem & Solution Essays

Choose any template, full sample essay, practice topic, or idea bank below. Each section keeps the document content together with writing suggestions, sentence formation patterns, and a simple structure formula.

Problem & Solution • Full Sample Essay

Severe Air Pollution

324 Words
Question

Many countries are facing severe air pollution problems. What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Sample Essay

It is common to see that the problem of air pollution is increasing in many parts of the world. This situation has created several serious problems such as health diseases and environmental damage; however, a number of actions like reducing vehicle emissions and using renewable energy should be taken to deal with these insurmountable problems.

One of the major problems is that air pollution seriously affects human health. This happens because harmful gases and toxic particles from factories and vehicles mix with the air people breathe every day. As a result, many individuals suffer from respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and breathing difficulties. To tackle this issue, stricter environmental laws should be implemented. To explain it simply, governments should limit industrial emissions and encourage the use of public transportation and electric vehicles. A case in point is many large cities where factories release untreated smoke into the atmosphere. They create unhealthy living conditions for local residents and increase the number of patients in hospitals.

Another significant problem related to air pollution is environmental destruction. This is mainly due to excessive burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Polluted air contributes to global warming, acid rain, and climate change, which negatively affect wildlife and natural ecosystems. A practical solution to this problem is increasing the use of clean and renewable sources of energy. That is to say that solar power, wind energy, and other eco-friendly alternatives should replace coal and oil in industries and transportation systems. As a consequence, the amount of harmful emissions would decrease significantly, which would improve the situation considerably.

All in all, there is no doubt that air pollution has led to several worrying issues, affecting both human health and the natural environment. As I see it, strong government regulations and the adoption of renewable energy are the most effective ways to address this problem. If appropriate steps are taken, the negative impacts of this issue can be reduced effectively.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Introduction pattern: Topic paraphrase করে দুইটি problem এবং দুইটি solution সংক্ষেপে preview করা হয়েছে.
  • Body 1 structure: Health problem → cause (gases/particles) → result (diseases) → solution (laws, transport) → example.
  • Body 2 structure: Environmental damage → cause (fossil fuels/deforestation) → effects → renewable-energy solution → consequence.
  • Useful linkers: This happens because, As a result, To tackle this issue, A case in point, This is mainly due to, As a consequence.
  • Specific vocabulary: toxic particles, respiratory diseases, industrial emissions, fossil fuels, renewable sources, natural ecosystems.
  • Conclusion: Human health + environment—দুই problem restate করে government regulation + renewable energy solution summarize করা হয়েছে.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Problem 1 + Cause + Solution → Problem 2 + Cause + Solution → Conclusion
Problem & Solution • Sample Essay

Lack of Sleep

270 Words
Question

Nowadays many people complain that they have difficulties getting enough sleep. What problems can lack of sleep cause? What can be done about lack of sleep?

Sample Essay

Today many people are sleep-deprived. I think this can take a toll on their relationships and their ability to perform certain tasks. Fortunately, meditation can help.

Lack of sleep can harm your relationships. If you sleep poorly the previous night, you tend to be irritable the following day. For example, a simple expression of concern from your wife about why you came home so late may sound to you like an accusation because poor sleep has increased your irritability. The result may be that you shout at your wife. If you constantly treat people around you like this, your relationships with them may deteriorate.

Sleep loss can also affect your task performance. Without enough sleep, you may feel tired and have trouble focusing on the task you are doing. This can lead to mistakes. For instance, sleep- deprived drivers are at increased risk of causing car accidents because they may fail to notice important things like traffic signs.

If you have sleep problems, you can try to meditate. When you lay down in your bed at night, you may find your mind buzzing with thoughts of the day, and plans for tomorrow. One way to quiet your thoughts is to meditate. For instance, many people find Sam Harris's guided meditation "The Headless Way" helpful. It trains you to feel that you have no head. You're not producing the thoughts. They are just arising in consciousness. As you find your inner peace, your sleep will improve significantly.

In conclusion, sleep deprivation can have a negative impact on your relationships and your performance in certain tasks. To sleep better, you can try meditation.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Direct introduction: Problem-এর দুইটি effect (relationships + task performance) এবং একটি solution (meditation) একসাথে preview করা হয়েছে.
  • Example development: Irritability-এর abstract idea-কে spouse-এর সাথে misunderstanding-এর concrete example দিয়ে explain করা হয়েছে.
  • Second problem: Lack of focus → mistakes → driving accident risk—এটি clear cause-and-effect chain.
  • Solution paragraph: Meditation কীভাবে racing thoughts শান্ত করতে পারে তা step-by-step explain করা হয়েছে.
  • Useful phrases: take a toll on, tend to be, the result may be, can lead to, for instance, one way to.
  • Conclusion: দুইটি problem এবং main solution সংক্ষেপে restate করা হয়েছে.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction Today many people + problem. I think this can + effect 1 + and + effect 2. Fortunately, + solution + can help. Example: Today many people are sleep-deprived. This can harm relationships and task performance. Fortunately, meditation can help.
2. Problem Topic Sentence Lack of + noun + can + negative effect. Example: Lack of sleep can harm relationships.
3. Conditional Explanation If + condition, + subject + tend(s) to + result. Example: If you sleep poorly, you tend to be irritable the following day.
4. Result This can lead to + noun/result. Example: This can lead to mistakes at work or on the road.
5. Example For instance, + specific example. Example: For instance, sleep-deprived drivers may fail to notice traffic signs.
6. Solution One way to + solve problem + is to + verb. Example: One way to quiet your thoughts is to meditate.
7. Conclusion In conclusion, + problem + can affect + area 1 + and + area 2. To + goal, + solution. Example: In conclusion, sleep deprivation can affect relationships and performance. To sleep better, meditation may help.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Problem 1 → Problem 2 → Solution → Conclusion
Cause & Solution • Sample Essay

Pollution: Causes & Solutions

281 Words
Question

Pollution is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world. What are the main causes of this issue, and what solutions can be suggested?

Sample Essay

Pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges facing the modern world. In many regions, air, water, and soil contamination have reached alarming levels, posing serious risks to human health and ecosystems. This essay will discuss the primary causes of pollution and propose several possible solutions to address this growing problem.

One of the main causes of pollution is rapid industrialization. Many factories release harmful chemicals and toxic gases into the atmosphere and nearby water sources without adequate treatment. As developing countries attempt to boost economic growth, environmental regulations are often ignored or poorly enforced. Another significant factor is the increasing number of vehicles on the roads. Cars, buses, and trucks burn fossil fuels, producing large amounts of carbon dioxide and other harmful emissions that contribute to both air pollution and climate change. Furthermore, improper waste management also plays a major role. In many cities, garbage is dumped into rivers or open landfills, which contaminates water supplies and damages natural habitats.

Several measures can be taken to mitigate this problem. Governments should introduce stricter environmental laws and ensure that industries comply with pollution control standards. Investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power could also reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, promoting public transportation and encouraging the use of electric vehicles would significantly lower emissions. Finally, raising public awareness about recycling and responsible waste disposal can help individuals contribute to reducing pollution.

In conclusion, pollution is largely caused by industrial activities, transportation emissions, and poor waste management. However, through effective government policies, technological innovation, and greater public awareness, it is possible to minimize its impact and create a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Introduction: Pollution-এর scope (air, water, soil) দেখিয়ে essay-এর two-part purpose—causes + solutions—clearly state করা হয়েছে.
  • Cause paragraph: Industrialization, vehicles এবং poor waste management—তিনটি related cause এক paragraph-এ logical connectors দিয়ে সাজানো.
  • Solution paragraph: Laws, renewable energy, public transport/electric vehicles এবং public awareness—causeগুলোর সাথে matching solutions দেওয়া হয়েছে.
  • Useful linkers: One of the main causes, Another significant factor, Furthermore, In addition, Finally.
  • Academic vocabulary: contamination, industrialization, environmental regulations, fossil fuels, mitigate, comply, responsible waste disposal.
  • Conclusion: Causes restate করে policy + technology + awareness-এর combined solution summarize করা হয়েছে.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction Topic + has become one of the most pressing + noun + facing + group/place. Example: Pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges facing the modern world.
2. Essay Roadmap This essay will discuss + causes/problems + and propose + solutions. Example: This essay will discuss the primary causes of pollution and propose several possible solutions.
3. Main Cause One of the main causes of + problem + is + cause. Example: One of the main causes of pollution is rapid industrialization.
4. Additional Cause Another significant factor is + cause. Example: Another significant factor is the increasing number of vehicles on the roads.
5. Solution Lead Several measures can be taken to mitigate this problem. Example: Several measures can be taken to mitigate this problem.
6. Recommendation Governments should + action + and ensure that + clause. Example: Governments should introduce stricter laws and ensure that industries comply with pollution-control standards.
7. Conclusion In conclusion, + problem + is largely caused by + causes. However, through + solutions, + positive result. Example: In conclusion, pollution is largely caused by industrial activities, transport emissions, and poor waste management. However, effective policies can minimize its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Causes → Solutions → Conclusion
Band 9 IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Essay (≈290 words)

Pollution: Band 9 Sample

316 Words
Question

Pollution is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world. What are the main causes of this issue, and what solutions can be suggested?

Sample Essay

Pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Across many regions of the world, deteriorating air quality, contaminated water sources, and increasing levels of waste are threatening both environmental sustainability and public health. This essay will examine the primary causes of this problem and propose several practical solutions to mitigate its impact.

One of the major drivers of pollution is rapid industrialization. In their pursuit of economic growth, many countries have expanded manufacturing activities without implementing strict environmental safeguards. As a result, factories frequently release untreated chemicals, toxic gases, and industrial waste into the air and nearby rivers. Another significant contributor is the dramatic rise in private vehicle ownership. The widespread reliance on fossil-fuel-powered transportation produces enormous quantities of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants, which not only degrade air quality but also accelerate climate change. In addition, ineffective waste management systems further exacerbate the problem. In many urban areas, plastic waste and household garbage are dumped into landfills or waterways, leading to severe soil and water contamination.

Addressing this issue requires coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and individuals. First and foremost, governments should enforce stricter environmental regulations to ensure that industries treat their waste and limit harmful emissions. Heavy penalties for companies that violate environmental standards could act as a powerful deterrent. Furthermore, transitioning towards renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power would significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Equally important is the promotion of sustainable transportation, including efficient public transit systems and electric vehicles. On an individual level, citizens can contribute by reducing plastic consumption, recycling waste, and adopting environmentally responsible lifestyles.

In conclusion, pollution is largely driven by unchecked industrial expansion, excessive dependence on fossil fuels, and inadequate waste management. Nevertheless, through robust environmental policies, technological innovation, and greater public awareness, societies can substantially reduce pollution and safeguard the planet for future generations.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Higher-level introduction: Broad context → specific impacts → clear roadmap, এই three-step introduction follow করা যায়.
  • Cause development: Each cause-এর mechanism explain করা হয়েছে—industrial growth → untreated waste; private vehicles → fossil-fuel emissions; weak waste systems → contamination.
  • Solution paragraph: Government, industry এবং individual—তিন stakeholder-এর action এক paragraph-এ balancedভাবে দেওয়া হয়েছে.
  • Advanced cohesive devices: As a result, In addition, First and foremost, Furthermore, Equally important, On an individual level, Nevertheless.
  • Academic vocabulary: environmental safeguards, greenhouse gases, exacerbate, coordinated efforts, deterrent, transitioning, sustainable transportation.
  • Conclusion: Causes paraphrase করে robust policy + innovation + awareness-এর long-term outcome দেখানো হয়েছে.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Strong Opening Topic + has emerged as one of the most pressing + challenges + of + time. Example: Pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century.
2. Impact Sentence Across + place, + problem indicators + are threatening both + X + and + Y. Example: Across many regions, deteriorating air quality and contaminated water are threatening environmental sustainability and public health.
3. Cause Development In their pursuit of + goal, + actors + may + action + without + safeguard. Example: In their pursuit of economic growth, countries may expand manufacturing without strict environmental safeguards.
4. Result Link As a result, + subject + frequently + negative action. Example: As a result, factories frequently release untreated chemicals and toxic gases.
5. Solution Lead Addressing this issue requires coordinated efforts from + stakeholders. Example: Addressing this issue requires coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and individuals.
6. Policy Sentence Heavy penalties for + violators + could act as a powerful deterrent. Example: Heavy penalties for companies that violate environmental standards could act as a powerful deterrent.
7. Conclusion Nevertheless, through + solutions, + society + can substantially + desired result. Example: Nevertheless, through robust policies, innovation, and awareness, societies can substantially reduce pollution.
Simple Formula: Context → Causes with Mechanisms → Multi-level Solutions → Concise Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

World Hunger Despite Agricultural Advances

Idea Bank
Question

In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.
Why is this the case?
What can be done about this problem?

Ideas From the Document

Causes – view 1

  • Unequal distribution of food between rich and poor regions.
  • Poverty prevents people from buying nutritious food.
  • Wars and political instability disrupt food production and supply.
  • Climate change, droughts, and floods damage crops.
  • Food waste in developed countries increases shortages elsewhere.

Solutions – view 2

  • Governments should improve food distribution systems.
  • Support poor farmers with modern technology and financial aid.
  • Reduce food waste through awareness campaigns.
  • International organisations should provide emergency food assistance.
  • Invest in sustainable farming and climate-resistant crops.
Opinion

Hunger persists mainly because of poverty and unequal food distribution rather than lack of food production, and stronger global cooperation is needed to solve this issue.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Cause 1 + Cause 2 → Solution 1 + Solution 2 → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Why People Choose Self-Employment

Idea Bank
Question

Nowadays many people choose to be self-employed, rather than to work for a company or organisation.
Why might this be the case?
What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed?

Ideas From the Document

Reasons – view 1

  • People want more independence and flexible working hours.
  • Online businesses and technology have created new opportunities.
  • Some employees are dissatisfied with low salaries and workplace pressure.
  • Self-employment allows individuals to follow their passion or creativity.

Disadvantages – view 2

  • Income can be unstable and unpredictable.
  • Self-employed people often work long hours.
  • Lack of employee benefits such as paid leave and pensions.
  • Running a business can cause stress and financial risk.
  • There may be less job security compared to regular employment.
Opinion

Although self-employment offers freedom and flexibility, it can also create financial insecurity and high levels of stress.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Reasons → Disadvantages → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Interest in the History of a House or Building

Idea Bank
Question

In some countries, more and more people are becoming interested in finding out about the history of the house or building they live in.
What are the reasons for this?
How can people research this?

Ideas From the Document

Reasons – view 1

  • People are curious about the previous owners and historical events.
  • Older buildings may have cultural or architectural significance.
  • Some believe the history of a house affects its value.
  • Movies and social media have increased public interest in historical stories.

Research methods – view 2

  • Visit local government or property registration offices.
  • Search historical records, newspapers, and libraries.
  • Talk to neighbours or previous owners.
  • Use online databases and history websites.
  • Hire professional historians or researchers if necessary.
Opinion

People are increasingly interested in house history because of curiosity and cultural value, and modern technology has made historical research much easier.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Reasons → Research Methods → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Children Spending Hours on Smartphones

Idea Bank
Question

Some children spend hours every day on their smartphones.
Why is this the case?
Do you think this is a positive or a negative development?

Ideas From the Document

Causes – view 1

  • Smartphones provide entertainment through games and social media.
  • Many children use phones for online learning and communication.
  • Parents are often busy and allow screen time for convenience.
  • Peer pressure encourages children to stay active online.

Positive sides – view 2

  • Educational apps can improve learning skills.
  • Smartphones help children communicate with family and friends.
  • Access to information can increase knowledge and creativity.

Negative sides – view 3

  • Excessive screen time can damage physical and mental health.
  • Children may become addicted to social media or games.
  • Reduced outdoor activities and face-to-face interaction.
  • Smartphones can negatively affect concentration and sleep quality.
Opinion

Although smartphones offer educational benefits, spending excessive time on them is largely a negative development because it harms children’s health and social skills.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Causes → Positive/Negative Evaluation → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Influence of Global Fashion Trends

Idea Bank
Question

Many aspects of the way people dress today are influenced by global fashion trends.
How has global fashion become such a strong influence on people’s lives?
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Ideas From the Document

Causes – view 1

  • Social media and celebrities spread fashion trends rapidly.
  • International brands operate in many countries worldwide.
  • Movies, music, and influencers shape people’s clothing choices.
  • Online shopping makes global fashion easily accessible.

Positive sides – view 2

  • People can express themselves through diverse fashion styles.
  • Global fashion encourages cultural exchange and creativity.
  • Consumers have more choices than before.

Negative sides – view 3

  • Traditional clothing styles may gradually disappear.
  • People may feel pressure to follow expensive trends.
  • Fast fashion increases environmental pollution and waste.
Opinion

Global fashion has connected people and increased style diversity, but it can also weaken cultural identity and encourage unhealthy consumerism.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Reasons for Influence → Positive/Negative Evaluation → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Long vs Short School Holidays

Idea Bank
Question

In many countries, primary and secondary schools close for two months or more in the summer holidays.
What is the value of long school holidays?
What are the arguments in favour of shorter school holidays?

Ideas From the Document

Advantages of long holidays – view 1

  • Students can relax and reduce academic stress.
  • Families get more time to travel and spend time together.
  • Children can develop hobbies and practical skills.
  • Teachers also benefit from rest and lesson preparation time.

Arguments for shorter holidays – view 2

  • Long breaks may cause students to forget lessons.
  • Working parents often struggle with childcare during holidays.
  • Shorter breaks can improve learning continuity and discipline.
  • Students may become less productive during extended vacations.
Opinion

Long holidays are valuable for relaxation and personal development, but slightly shorter breaks may help students maintain academic progress more effectively.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Value of Long Holidays → Arguments for Shorter Holidays → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Practice List

Environmental Problem & Solution Practice Topics

6 Questions
Practice Questions From the Document
Question 1

Many countries are facing severe air pollution problems. What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Question 2

Plastic waste is increasing rapidly around the world and damaging the environment What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved

Question 3

Many rivers and oceans are becoming polluted due to human activities. What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Question 4

Climate change is affecting people and ecosystems worldwide. What are the main problems caused by climate change, and what can be done to tackle them?

Question 5

The loss of wildlife and endangered species is increasing in many parts of the worid. What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved to protect wildlife?

Question 6

The overuse of natural resources is threatening the environment. What problems can this lead to, and how can governments encourage sustainable use of resources

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Timed practice: প্রতিটি question-এর জন্য প্রথমে 5 মিনিটে 2 problems + 2 solutions brainstorm করুন.
  • Planning: Problems এবং solutions-এর মধ্যে direct relationship আছে কি না check করুন.
  • Body control: দুইটি strong idea fully develop করা পাঁচটি undeveloped idea লেখার চেয়ে ভালো.
  • Vocabulary reuse: emissions, contamination, biodiversity, renewable energy, regulation, conservation, sustainable—topic অনুযায়ী adapt করুন.
  • Review: শেষে subject-verb agreement, article, plural, punctuation এবং repeated words check করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Plan (5 min) → Write (30 min) → Check (5 min)
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Severe Air Pollution: Problems & Solutions

Idea Bank
Question

Many countries are facing severe air pollution problems.
What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Air pollution causes serious health issues such as asthma and lung disease.
  • Poor air quality reduces people’s quality of life.
  • Pollution damages ecosystems, crops, and wildlife.
  • Smog can reduce visibility and increase traffic accidents.
  • Healthcare costs rise because of pollution-related illnesses.

Solutions – view 2

  • Promote public transport and electric vehicles.
  • Enforce strict emission regulations on factories and industries.
  • Increase green spaces and plant more trees in cities.
  • Encourage the use of renewable energy sources.
  • Raise public awareness about environmental protection.
Opinion

Air pollution seriously threatens public health and the environment, but stronger environmental policies and cleaner technologies can greatly reduce this problem.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Health/Environment Problems → Matching Solutions → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Plastic Waste: Problems & Solutions

Idea Bank
Question

Plastic waste is increasing rapidly around the world and damaging the environment.
What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Plastic pollution harms marine life and animals.
  • Non-biodegradable waste contaminates land and water.
  • Burning plastic releases toxic gases into the atmosphere.
  • Microplastics enter the food chain and affect human health.
  • Excessive waste damages the beauty of natural environments.

Solutions – view 2

  • Reduce the use of single-use plastic products.
  • Encourage recycling and proper waste management systems.
  • Governments should ban or limit plastic bags and packaging.
  • Promote eco-friendly alternatives such as paper or cloth products.
  • Conduct awareness campaigns about plastic pollution.
Opinion

Plastic waste is a major environmental threat, and reducing plastic consumption alongside effective recycling systems is essential for solving this issue.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Environmental/Health Problems → Reduction + Recycling Solutions → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Rivers & Oceans: Problems & Solutions

Idea Bank
Question

Many rivers and oceans are becoming polluted due to human activities.
What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Water pollution kills fish and marine organisms.
  • Contaminated water threatens human health and drinking supplies.
  • Polluted oceans damage tourism and fishing industries.
  • Ecosystems become unbalanced due to chemical waste and oil spills.
  • Plastic and industrial waste reduce water quality.

Solutions – view 2

  • Governments should enforce strict laws against dumping waste.
  • Industries must treat wastewater before releasing it.
  • Reduce plastic use and improve recycling systems.
  • Organise river and beach clean-up programmes.
  • Educate people about protecting water resources.
Opinion

Human activities are severely damaging rivers and oceans, but stricter regulations and responsible public behaviour can help restore water quality.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Water Pollution Problems → Regulation + Treatment Solutions → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Climate Change: Problems & Solutions

Idea Bank
Question

Climate change is affecting people and ecosystems worldwide.
What are the main problems caused by climate change, and what can be done to tackle them?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Rising temperatures cause heat waves and droughts.
  • Floods, storms, and natural disasters are becoming more frequent.
  • Climate change threatens wildlife and biodiversity.
  • Sea-level rise puts coastal communities at risk.
  • Food and water shortages may increase in some regions.

Solutions – view 2

  • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industries and transport.
  • Increase the use of renewable energy such as solar and wind power.
  • Protect forests and plant more trees.
  • Governments should support international climate agreements.
  • Encourage sustainable lifestyles and energy conservation.
Opinion

Climate change is one of the most serious global challenges, and immediate international cooperation is necessary to reduce its long-term effects.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Climate Impacts → Emission/Adaptation Solutions → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Loss of Wildlife & Endangered Species

Idea Bank
Question

The loss of wildlife and endangered species is increasing in many parts of the world.
What problems does this cause, and how can this issue be solved to protect wildlife?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Loss of biodiversity weakens ecosystems.
  • Some species become extinct permanently.
  • Food chains and natural balance are disrupted.
  • Wildlife loss negatively affects tourism and scientific research.
  • Human activities such as deforestation destroy animal habitats.

Solutions – view 2

  • Governments should create more protected wildlife reserves.
  • Strict laws are needed against illegal hunting and trade.
  • Reduce deforestation and protect natural habitats.
  • Raise awareness about wildlife conservation.
  • Support breeding programmes for endangered species.
Opinion

Protecting wildlife is essential for maintaining ecological balance, and stronger conservation efforts are urgently needed worldwide.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Biodiversity Problems → Conservation Solutions → Conclusion
IELTS Writing Task 2 • Question + Idea Bank

Overuse of Natural Resources

Idea Bank
Question

The overuse of natural resources is threatening the environment.
What problems can this lead to, and how can governments encourage sustainable use of resources?

Ideas From the Document

Problems – view 1

  • Excessive resource use causes environmental destruction.
  • Deforestation and mining damage ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
  • Fossil fuel overuse increases air pollution and climate change.
  • Natural resources may become depleted in the future.
  • Water shortages can occur due to overconsumption.

Solutions – view 2

  • Governments should promote renewable energy sources.
  • Introduce stricter environmental laws and penalties.
  • Encourage recycling and efficient resource management.
  • Support sustainable farming and eco-friendly industries.
  • Educate citizens about responsible consumption habits.
Opinion

The overuse of natural resources creates serious environmental risks, and governments must encourage sustainable practices to protect future generations.

What You Can Follow in Your Own Writing
  • Question analysis: প্রথমে question-এর দুইটি demand আলাদা করুন—যেমন causes + solutions, problems + solutions, বা reasons + disadvantages.
  • Choose fewer ideas: সব bullet essay-তে ব্যবহার করার দরকার নেই; সবচেয়ে strong 2টি idea বেছে নিয়ে ভালোভাবে explain করুন.
  • Development: Main idea → why/how → result → example এই logical order follow করলে paragraph পরিষ্কার থাকে.
  • Link solution to problem: যে problem/cause লিখবেন, solution যেন সরাসরি সেটার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়.
  • Topic vocabulary: Idea bank-এর key nouns এবং verbs মুখস্থ না করে context অনুযায়ী sentence-এ ব্যবহার করুন.
  • Conclusion: নতুন idea যোগ করবেন না; main problem/cause এবং best solution সংক্ষেপে paraphrase করুন.

Sentence Formation — বাক্য গঠন যেভাবে Follow করবেন

1. Introduction / Paraphrase In many parts of the world, + topic/problem + has become increasingly + adjective. Example: In many parts of the world, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.
2. Problem / Cause Topic Sentence One of the main problems/causes is that + clause. Example: One of the main problems is that polluted air seriously affects human health.
3. Explanation This happens / This is mainly because + reason. Example: This happens because harmful emissions enter the air people breathe.
4. Result As a result / Consequently, + result. Example: As a result, many people suffer from respiratory illnesses.
5. Solution To tackle this issue, + solution + should be + past participle. Example: To tackle this issue, stricter environmental regulations should be enforced.
6. Conclusion In conclusion, although + problem/cause, + solution + can help + result. Example: In conclusion, although pollution creates serious risks, stronger policies can help reduce its impact.
Simple Formula: Introduction → Resource-Depletion Problems → Sustainable-use Solutions → Conclusion

Original document wording is preserved in the source-content sections; added study guidance is shown separately.